Developer Utilities

This section provides a detailed description of some commonly used utilities for Taichi developers.

Logging

Taichi uses spdlog as its logging system. Logs can have different levels, from low to high, they are:

LEVELS
trace
debug
info
warn
error

The higher the level is, the more critical the message is.

The default logging level is info. You may override the default logging level by:

1. Setting the environment variable like export TI_LOG_LEVEL=warn.
2. Setting the log level from Python side: ti.set_logging_level(ti.WARN).

In Python, you may write logs using the ti.* interface:

# Python
ti.trace("Hello world!")
ti.debug("Hello world!")
ti.info("Hello world!")
ti.warn("Hello world!")
ti.error("Hello world!")

In C++, you may write logs using the TI_* interface:

// C++
TI_TRACE("Hello world!");
TI_DEBUG("Hello world!");
TI_INFO("Hello world!");
TI_WARN("Hello world!");
TI_ERROR("Hello world!");

If one raises a message of the level error, Taichi will be terminated immediately and result in a RuntimeError on Python side.

// C++
int func(void *p) {
  if (p == nullptr)
    TI_ERROR("The pointer cannot be null!");

  // will not reach here if p == nullptr
  do_something(p);
}

note

For people from Linux kernels, TI_ERROR is just panic.

You may also simplify the above code by using TI_ASSERT:

int func(void *p) {
  TI_ASSERT_INFO(p != nullptr, "The pointer cannot be null!");
  // or
  // TI_ASSERT(p != nullptr);

  // will not reach here if p == nullptr
  do_something(p);
}

Debug taichi program using gdb

1. Prepare a script that can reproduce the issue, e.g. python repro.py.
2. Build taichi with debug information using DEBUG=1 python setup.py develop (or install).
3. Run gdb --args python repro.py, now you can debug from there! For example, you can set a breakpoint using b foo.cpp:102 or b Program::compile().

However if your issue cannot be reproduced consistently this solution isn't a great fit. In that case it's recommended to follow the section below so that gdb is triggered automatically when the program crashes.

(Linux only) Trigger gdb when programs crash

# Python
ti.init(gdb_trigger=True)

// C++
CoreState::set_trigger_gdb_when_crash(true);

# Shell
export TI_GDB_TRIGGER=1

note

Quickly pinpointing segmentation faults/assertion failures using gdb: When Taichi crashes, gdb will be triggered and attach to the current thread. You might be prompt to enter sudo password required for gdb thread attaching. After entering gdb, check the stack backtrace with command bt (backtrace), then find the line of code triggering the error.